Type Set Collecting

What Is a Type Set?

In numismatics, a "type set" refers to a collection that includes one example of each design or type of a particular coin series, rather than focusing on every date and mintmark. For example, a type set of U.S. coins might include one example of each significant design change across different denominations, such as a Liberty Head Nickel, a Buffalo Nickel, and a Jefferson Nickel, without needing to collect every date or mint from each type.

Why Collect a Type Set?

Type set collecting appeals to collectors who wish to explore a wide range of coin designs and types without the pressure of completing an entire date-and-mintmark set. It offers flexibility in terms of both scope and budget. Collectors can focus on major coinage types across different periods, which gives them the freedom to appreciate the history and artistry of U.S. coinage without getting bogged down by rarity or date-specific challenges.

Advantages of Type Set Collecting

• Diversity in Design: One of the primary appeals of type set collecting is the opportunity to own examples of many different designs. U.S. coinage has undergone significant changes over time, and type set collectors get to appreciate the artistic evolution of these coins.
• Flexibility in Budget: Unlike a traditional series-focused collection, type set collecting allows more flexibility in budget management. Collectors can choose to acquire affordable examples for more common types while splurging on higher-quality or rarer coins for iconic designs.
  
• Focus on Key Historical Moments: By assembling a type set, collectors often encounter coins that reflect significant historical periods, such as the Civil War, the Great Depression, or key economic changes, such as the shift from silver to clad coinage in the mid-20th century.
  
• Long-Term Enjoyment: A type set provides long-term enjoyment as collectors can pursue it at their own pace, deciding when to upgrade or add to their collection without pressure.
  

Disadvantages of Type Set Collecting

• Difficulty in Finding Key Types: Some types can be quite expensive or difficult to find, especially if collectors are focused on high-grade coins. For example, early copper and silver coinage from the 18th and 19th centuries can be rare in problem-free conditions.
• Lack of Completion Satisfaction: For collectors who enjoy completing sets, type set collecting may not provide the same sense of fulfillment as a full series collection. There is no ultimate completion goal, as new designs or types may continue to emerge.
  

Certified vs. Raw Coins in Type Sets

One of the ongoing debates among type set collectors is whether to collect certified (slabbed) coins or raw (unslabbed) coins. Both approaches have their advantages:

• Certified Coins: Certified coins are graded and authenticated by third-party grading companies, such as PCGS, NGC, and ANACS. These slabs provide collectors with confidence in the coin's authenticity, grade, and protection from environmental damage. For type set collectors, the added security and marketability of certified coins are appealing, especially for higher-end or rare coins.
• Raw Coins: Collecting raw coins allows collectors to handle the coins directly, which can be more enjoyable for some. Raw coins are typically more affordable than their certified counterparts, especially for common types. However, there’s greater risk when buying raw coins, as they may be over graded or counterfeit, making authentication more challenging without expertise.
  

Many collectors opt for a mix of certified and raw coins in their type sets, depending on their personal preferences, goals, and budget.

Liberty Nickel, Buffalo Nickel, Jefferson Nickel

Short-Term and Long-Term Goals for Type Set Collectors

Short-Term Goals:  

For beginners, a short-term goal might be to gather a small, representative type set of 20th-century coins. This could include major U.S. types such as the Indian Head Cent, Lincoln Wheat Cent, Mercury Dime, Buffalo Nickel, and Walking Liberty Half Dollar. These coins are relatively common, affordable, and easy to source. As collectors become more familiar with the nuances of each type, they can work toward upgrading the condition or pursuing scarcer types.

Long-Term Goals:  

A more advanced goal for seasoned collectors might be assembling a complete type set of 19th-century coinage, including Liberty Seated coins, Bust designs, and early gold coinage. High-grade examples of these coins can be quite expensive, particularly those with low mintages or in excellent condition. Long-term goals may also include building a type set from a specific era, such as pre-Civil War or early American coinage, which includes coins like Draped Bust and Capped Bust designs.

Another exciting long-term goal could be creating a complete U.S. Type Set that spans from the earliest federal coinage (1792) to modern-day designs. This type of collection requires immense dedication and knowledge, and could take many years to assemble.

Some of the most fun yet challenging coins to acquire in a type set include:

• Flowing Hair Coinage (1793-1795): The first official U.S. coin designs, such as the Flowing Hair Half Dollar, are key types that can be very expensive, especially in higher grades. The historical significance of these coins makes them highly desirable for type set collectors.
• Liberty Seated Coinage (1837-1891): This long-running design saw multiple variations, including "No Motto" and "With Motto" types, as well as arrows added and removed from the date. Collectors often enjoy hunting down these various subtypes.
  
• Draped Bust Dollar (1795-1803): Another challenging yet iconic coin, the Draped Bust Dollar is a cornerstone of early U.S. coinage. Finding one in decent condition is both rewarding and expensive.
  
• Classic Commemorative Coins (1892-1954): These half dollars are fun to collect due to their unique designs and ties to historical events. While not all are rare, some types can be challenging to find in higher grades.
  
• Gold Coins: Including a gold coin in a type set can be both fun and challenging. Coins such as the $5 Liberty or $10 Indian Head are beautiful additions, but even in lower grades, they require significant investment due to their gold content.
  

Conclusion: Is Type Set Collecting Right for You?

Type set collecting is an excellent option for collectors who want variety, flexibility, and a rich connection to the history of U.S. coinage. Whether you prefer certified coins for their security and long-term value or raw coins for the hands-on experience, type set collecting offers something for everyone. It is a pursuit that can start small, grow with time, and provide a continuous sense of discovery.

Collectors can approach it with short-term goals, such as gathering a basic 20th-century set, or embark on a lifelong journey to complete a comprehensive U.S. coin type collection. While challenges exist, particularly with older or rare types, the process is ultimately rewarding, providing a glimpse into the history, artistry, and cultural shifts reflected in American coinage.

For those who love history, design, and the thrill of discovery, type set collecting remains a dynamic and exciting path in the world of numismatics.